Material and Construction:

Rubber springs are typically made from natural rubber or other elastomeric materials. They can be designed with various shapes and configurations, sometimes incorporating metal inserts for installation and reinforcement. 

Functionality:

Shock Absorption: Rubber's ability to compress and rebound makes it effective at absorbing shocks and impacts. 

Vibration Isolation: Rubber springs help to reduce the transmission of vibrations, leading to a smoother and quieter operation. 

Deflection and Load Handling: Rubber springs can be designed to handle a wide range of loads and deflections, making them suitable for various applications. 

Advantages:

High Damping: Rubber's inherent damping properties help dissipate energy, minimizing the impact of shocks and vibrations. 

Customization: Rubber springs can be tailored to specific load and deflection requirements, offering flexibility in design. 

Durability in Harsh Environments: Rubber springs can be more resistant to corrosion and wear than metal springs in certain conditions. 

Applications:

Suspension Systems: Rubber springs are used in vehicle suspension systems, providing a comfortable ride and stability. 

Industrial Machinery: They are used in various industrial applications to isolate vibrations and reduce noise. 

Buffers and Dampers: Rubber springs act as buffers to absorb impacts and protect machinery and vehicles from damage. 

Rail Applications: Rolling rubber springs are used in rail systems to isolate vibrations and improve ride quality.